Cranial prostheses ceramic Limoges

Cranial prostheses ceramic Limoges

The tradition of Limoges porcelain, revolutionized by 3D printing technology allows today to manufacture ceramic implants on cranial measure. Perfectly biocompatible and greatly reducing the risk of infections, these implants are a blessing for patients who have lost a part of the bone covering the skull in an accident or because of the removal of a tumor.

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Based on stereolithography, the company 3D Ceram developed a proprietary process for manufacturing custom cranial implants ceramic hydroxyapatite.  They are used primarily in reconstructive surgery for patients with, or at risk of carrying, loss of craniofacial bone after surgery.  Ceramic implants are an alternative to bone grafts, which often come from the patient himself, and thus prevent him additional pain.  © AFP, Pascal Lachenaud 3D Ceram

Based on stereolithography, the company 3D Ceram developed a proprietary process for manufacturing custom cranial implants ceramic hydroxyapatite. They are used primarily in reconstructive surgery for patients with, or at risk of carrying, loss of craniofacial bone after surgery. Ceramic implants are an alternative to bone grafts, which often come from the patient himself, and thus prevent him additional pain. © AFP, Pascal Lachenaud 3D Ceram

The number of invertebrates is almost halved

The number of invertebrates is almost halved

But large terrestrial vertebrates are not the only ones affected. Among invertebrates , 67% of monitored populations showed a decline of 45% in 35 years while at the same time, the human population has doubled. This invertebrate disappearance would also be caused by habitat loss and changing climate . This could have consequences for the functioning of ecosystems , but also on human well-being. Indeed, insects pollinate 75% of world cultures and also play an important role in the decomposition of the material, a process that supports the productivity of ecosystems.

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While all five previous crises were caused by natural phenomena, the current extinction of animal species could be related to human activity. Therefore Dirzo Rodolfo, professor of biology at Stanford and senior author of the article speaks of our times like the "defaunation of the Anthropocene"  : "where the population density is high, you get high speed defaunation of an incidence of significant rodents and so high levels of pathogens , thereby increasing the risk of disease transmission. Who would have thought that defaunation only would all these dire consequences? " .

more than 320 species of vertebrate land went out

In this study, researchers report that since the beginning of the XVI th century, more than 320 species of vertebrate land went out. Those that remain have seen their population decrease of 25%. In vertebrates, 16-33% are threatened or endangered . Large animals that are part of the "  megafauna  "(elephants, rhinos, polar bears ...) are particularly affected. Indeed, these populations are often more limited than those of smaller animals lower growth rate and offspring. They also typically require extensive habitat to maintain viable populations. But their large mass also makes them prime targets for hunting ...

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The consequences of the loss of large animals could be studied locally. For example, in Kenya, researchers looked at the effect of the displacement of species of megafauna (zebras, giraffes , elephants ...) on the evolution of ecosystems . Soon enough, they found that these areas were invaded by rodents . The grass and shrubs grew, there were more seeds and shelter available and less risk of predation. Consequently the number of rodents has doubled, as did ectoparasites carry diseases that lodged.

Butterflies, like other insects play a vital role in pollinating flowers. © Charlesjsharp, Wikimedia Commons , cc by sa 3.0

Are we heading To a sixth mass extinction?

To a sixth mass extinction?

International scientists are concerned about the possible first of a mass extinction of species that would be the sixth in the history of the Earth signs. Vertebrates and invertebrates are concerned. Main causes considered: changes affecting animal habitats and climate.

On 08/01/2014 at 15:30 - By Marie-Céline Jacquier, Futura-Sciences

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The black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis is part of large terrestrial vertebrates in critical danger of extinction.  © John and Karen Hollingsworth, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Wikimedia Commons, DP
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The biodiversity present result of 3.5 billion years of evolution, she has reached a critical point? In an article in Science , an international team of scientists is concerned about a broad wave of extinction of species of animals. This could be a sign of extinction of species mass, the sixth planet that would know.

Summer sky and the Night of Stars

The other reason (not least) to advance these meetings the public with amateur and professional astronomers is a spatial event that scientists have been waiting for 10 years: the arrival, on August 6, of Rosetta in the bosom of the Comet 67P / Churyumov-Gerasimenko . For several months, the mission of the ESA will conduct the investigation into this ball of ice and dust 4 km long. For Afa and its partners is an opportunity to discuss the fascinating subject of these celestial bodies that abound in our solar system and are witnesses to our origins . A theme that also runs directly the shooting stars, because they are naturally spin by comets.

Summer sky
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Besides the growing moon, you can see this weekend, opening night, the beautiful Saturn almost aligned with Red Mars and the star Spica ( Spica ) of the Virgin. Antares , the beating heart of the Scorpion will not fail draw your attention to the south, as well as the glowing Arcturus, which highest in the firmament will be marked at the dusk , like Vega, one of three beautiful summer ( asterism Triangle of summer). If the weather is favorable, no doubt you will have an unforgettable time in the company of stars and French enthusiasts, couriers science.

Find a viewing site near you (or your place of stay) involved in the Night of the Stars .

Under the sign of comets

Under the sign of comets

This year's event takes place earlier than usual. In part, to enjoy a beautiful crescent moon (first quarter Aug. 4) and the dark night successor. Of course, it is conducive to the discovery of many celestial objects and encounter with the billions of stars that populate the Milky Way - it is a treat to go through a pair of binoculars. They are also the ideal conditions to expect surprise (and counting) plethora of shooting stars. Remember that these stealthy and glowing features are small grains left in the wake of the comet Swift-Tuttle that enter our atmosphere .

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The famous meteor swarm is called Perseids because its radiate is located precisely in the direction of the constellation Perseus. Like every year, activity peaks on the night of August 12 to 13 (about 100 meteors per hour). Unfortunately at that time, a few hours after the super full moon of August 10 (the moon will be only 356,922 km), the clarity of our natural satellite invade heaven and spoil the party a bit, leaving us see then that the brightest meteors.

The awakening of the Rosetta space probe and the Philae lander before meeting Chury, Comet 67P / Churyumov-Gerasimenko. © Esa

This weekend, the Night of stars under the sign of comets

This weekend, the Night of stars under the sign of comets

Do not miss the 1 st , 2 and 3 August the new edition of Night of the Stars. Everywhere in France, and many sites in Europe and Africa, astronomers are waiting to share with you their observations of balmy summer nights. On the occasion of the appointment of the Rosetta spacecraft with its comet on August 6, the AFA and its partners have put the event under the auspices of these icy bodies that travel through our solar system.

On 08/01/2014 at 17:38 - By Xavier Demeersman, Futura-Sciences

Composite image of the famous Perseid meteor swarm.  The peak activity of this meteor shower takes place every year on the night of August 12 to 13.  The radiant is clear in the constellation Perseus.  © Rick Whitacre
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Composite image of the famous Perseid meteor swarm. The peak activity of this meteor shower takes place every year on the night of August 12 to 13. The radiant is clear in the constellation Perseus. © Rick Whitacre

The 1 st , 2 and 3 August 2014, the French Astronomical Association (AFA) look forward to seeing you all over France and various European and African countries, for its 24 th edition of the famous Night of the Stars . Whether you are curious or enthusiasts, beginners or experienced, there is certainly anear you (see map ) which, time for a beautiful summer weekend, will open its doors to share with you, your family or friends their observations of stars. Place in direct exploration of the cosmos, a little nearer the stars ...